вторник, 1 ноября 2022 г.

Sunak’s wealth and right-wing politics mean he is far from representative, British Asians say

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 Who is Britain's next prime minister?

Sunak’s wealth and right-wing politics mean he is far from representative, British Asians say

By Sana Noor Haq, CNN

Updated 11:04 AM EDT, Fri October 28, 2022

London CNN —  Orange and pink fireworks colored the skies over south London on Monday, as members of the local South Asian community celebrated Diwali.

This year, the holiday aligned with Rishi Sunak, 42, becoming Britain’s first prime minister of Indian descent, as Hindus like him celebrated the festival of lights.

Sunak’s rise to power has split opinion among South Asians in the UK. Some believe his historic appointment is a moment of pride and sign of social progress in Britain, while others point to his immense wealth, privately educated background and adoption of hard right-wing policies.

Evidence of this wide range of views was clear when CNN spoke to South Asians in the London neighborhood of Tooting – home to a bustling migrant community within the British capital.

Flamboyant fabric shops, places of worship and food vendors offering syrupy Indian desserts alongside fresh fruits and vegetables line the streets, with family-run convenience stores dotting nearly every corner.

The London suburb is steeped in the richly diverse heritage of its residents, where people of color comprise over half of the population, according to the 2011 UK census.

The same data found that nearly 30% of people in Tooting identify as “Asian” or “Asian British,” and after English, Urdu and Gujarati are among the most common languages spoken.

 “It is a sign of progress, but only at the top. Rishi Sunak comes from a very privileged background,” the 58-year-old solicitor said, his glasses tucked behind his bright orange turban.

Singh said he believed Sunak’s ascent is a sign that only South Asian politicians with immense social and economic privilege can “break the glass ceiling.”

Earlier this year, Sunak and his wife Akshata Murty, the daughter of an Indian billionaire, appeared on the Sunday Times Rich List of the UK’s 250 wealthiest people. The newspaper estimated their joint net worth at £730 million ($826 million).

Outside the capital, Sanjay Chandarana, who heads a Hindu temple in Southampton, southern England, co-founded by Sunak’s grandparents in 1971, told CNN that Sunak’s elevation was “a Barack Obama moment” for the UK, in a nod to America’s first Black president.

“I think it’s something of importance to the South Asian community … seeing that he is the first South Asian prime minister of the UK. It’s something that I think all South Asians should be proud of,” Irtaza Nasir, a 24-year-old restaurant director in Tooting, said. “I never thought this day would come.”

Sunak’s premiership has sparked a debate among many British Asians that lies at the intersection of race, class and politics.

The new prime minister has entered Downing Street as one of its richest ever occupants, yet he has the task of leading a country where marginalized communities are falling deeper into poverty in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic.

During his time as chancellor of the exchequer, Sunak was criticized for proposing a negligible 1% pay rise to staff for Britain’s National Health Service, despite the institution crumbling under government cuts and staff shortages.

Sunak may be the first British prime minister with Indian heritage, but his race alone does not qualify him to represent the diverse and nuanced views of the 4.2 million people with South Asian heritage who live in Britain today.

“Seeing someone brown becoming prime minister is something to be proud of, and yet it is also possible to vehemently disagree with the politics or the individual,” Jasvir Singh, a barrister and co-founder of South Asian Heritage Month, wrote by email.

“Politics is much, much more than just about color and race.”

Do the tasks below

1. Read the article "Biden again says US would defend Taiwan if China attacks"
2. Write out words in bold and translate them in written form.
3. Make up 5 questions to the article.

среда, 26 октября 2022 г.

USEFUL CLICHES


YOU SHOULD START YOUR MONOLOGUE MENTIONING THE ISSUES OR 
QUESTIONS YOU ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT

First... In the first place... To begin with...First of all... I'd like to start by giving my opinion on the impact of tourism on the environment (it's a good idea to rephrase the issue)

To start with... let me express my view on the pros and cons of working as a teacher (use synonyms whenever possible)

Then.... In the second place... Besides, I'll move on to the issue of whether video games are dangerous... (Use an indirect question)

I'd also like to answer / deal with the question of how new technologies have changed our daily life in the past ten years. (Use an indirect question)

EFFECTIVE OPENINGS

In order to grab the attention of the audience you may employ one or two of the following devices:

- Rhetorical questions:

Can crime really be prevented? Has the role of teachers changed in the past years?

- Interesting facts:

According to an article I read recently,... Did you know that...?

I’d like to share an amazing fact / figure with you. Have you ever heard of...?

- Starting with an anecdote:

Let me tell you what happened to me.

- Problems to think about: (use conditional type 2 or 3)

Suppose / Supposing you wanted to... Imagine you had to...

Have you ever wondered what would happen / would have happened if...?

- Quoting a well-known person

As X once said,... To quote a well-known writer,... To put it in the words of...

INTRODUCING A POINT

When delivering a monologue on a particular subject it is important to introduce the key points first.

You may use one of the following phrases:

First of all I'd like to point out... The main problem is... The fact is that...

The question of... Speaking of...

OR YOU MAY BEGIN BY STATING SOMETHING AS A FACT

As everyone knows... It is generally accepted that... There can be no doubt that...

It is a fact that... Nobody will deny that...

ENUMERATION OF POINTS

If you want to provide several reasons, factors or arguments in a row, you have to organize them in the

logical way. In order to structure your answer properly enumerate the main points using one of the

suggested phrases:

First of all... In the first place... To begin with...To start with... I'd like to say / to mention that...

Second... Secondly... In the second place... In addition to that... Apart from that... Besides...

Moreover,... Furthermore,... Another example of this is...

Finally,... Lastly... Finally, and perhaps most importantly,...

In conclusion... All in all... All things considered...

MOVING TO THE NEXT POINT

This leads directly to my next point. This brings us to the next question.

Let’s now move on / turn to... After examining this point, let’s turn to...

Let’s now take a look at...

GOING BACK

As I said / mentioned / pointed out earlier,... Let me come back to what I said before...

Let’s go back to what we were discussing earlier... As I’ve already explained...

GIVING YOUR OPINION

• I think / feel / believe that... • As far as I'm concerned.... • As I see it...

• To my mind... • In my view / opinion... • From my point of view...

• I tend to think that... • It seems to me that... • To my knowledge

• I have the impression that... • I reckon...(informal) • For my part...

GIVING A STRONG OPINION

• I'm absolutely convinced that... • To tell you the truth / to be honest / frank

• I strongly believe that... • I have no doubt that... • There's no doubt that...

• My own view is that... • I'm absolutely certain that... • I'm sure that...

• If you want my honest opinion...

EXPRESSING UNCERTAINTY

• I definitely doubt if that... • I'm uncertain / not sure that... • As far as I know...

• It is very doubtful whether... • I don’t know about you, but I ...

GIVING OPINIONS USING IMPERSONAL LANGUAGE

It is vital that more is done to prevent the illegal trade in wild animals.

(Compare: We have to do more to stop people trading wild animals illegally.)

Journalists play a vital/crucial/essential role in educating the public.

The ability to write well is essential for any journalist.

The Internet has become an indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/ tool for reporters.

In journalism, accuracy is paramount. / ...is of paramount importance.

It is imperative that journalists maintain the highest possible standards of reporting.

This case emphasizes/highlights the importance of honest communication between managers and employees.

It should be noted that / It is important to remember that / An important point to remember is that ...

I would like to draw attention to the role of listening in effective communication.

GIVING REASONS AND MAKING A POINT

There are several reasons why I think that... The reason for this is that / why I say that is....

I base my argument on... I tell you all this because... What I'm basically saying is...

The point I'm trying to make is that... Let me put it this way:...

INDICATING THE END OF YOUR MONOLOGUE

Well, this brings me to the end of what I wanted to say about ....

That covers just about everything I wanted to say about...

As a final point I'd like to say / add that... Finally, I'd like to highlight one final / key issue.

My final comments concern.... I would like to finish by mentioning...

DRAWING CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMING UP

The obvious conclusion is... Last but not least... The only possible solution / conclusion is....

In conclusion I can / would like to say that... To cut a long story short...

All things considered... Let me summarize by saying... Briefly said,...

In short,... To recap what I've said so far... To sum up,...

 

вторник, 18 октября 2022 г.

Example of a complaint letter

Example of a complaint letter

Look at this example complaint letter for ideas on how you should approach writing a letter of complaint. Pay attention to the complaint letter format, the voice, and the use of language.

My Name
My Address

Date

Recipient Name and Title
Company Name
Company Address

To Whom It May Concern:

I am writing today to complain of the poor service I received from your company on June 12, 2022. I was visited by a representative of That Awful Company, Mr. Madman, at my home that day.

Firstly, Mr. Madman was one hour late for his appointment and offered nothing by way of apology when he arrived at noon. Your representative did not remove his muddy shoes upon entering my house and consequently left a trail of dirt in the hallway. Mr. Madman then proceeded to present a range of products to me that I had specifically told his assistant by telephone that I was not interested in. I repeatedly tried to ask your representative about the products that were of interest to me, but he refused to deal with my questions. We ended our meeting after 25 minutes without either of us having accomplished anything.

Secondly,I am most annoyed that I wasted a morning (and half a day's vacation) waiting for Mr. Madman to show up. My impression of That Awful Company has been tarnished, and I am now concerned about how my existing business is being managed by your firm. Furthermore, Mr. Madman's inability to remove his muddy shoes has meant that I have had to engage the services, and incur the expense, of a professional carpet cleaner.

Finally,I trust this is not the way That Awful Company wishes to conduct business with valued customers — I have been with you since the company was founded and have never encountered such treatment before. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss matters further and to learn how you propose to prevent a similar situation from recurring. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Signature

Name

пятница, 9 сентября 2022 г.

SCHEME OF ANALYSIS/2023

 

SCHEME OF ANALYSIS (1st term, 3rd course) 

1.       The information about the author

2.       The Genre and the style

3.       The form of narration

4.       The type of narration

5.       The setting

6.       The main idea 

7.    The types of conflicts

8.       Summary

9.       The composition

10.       The author’s tone

11.  Character drawing

12.  Choice of words

13.  Appraisal part

 

1.     Introduce the information about the author (his creative works, the main problems passing through his literary works).

2.     Define genre to which the story under study belong (a detective story, science fiction, historical, fantasy, documentary, a social/ psychological short story).

- social- studies the effect of social conditions at a given time and place upon human life and conduct

- psychological - is concerned mainly with the mental and emotional lives of the characters.

Define the style of the story (a novel).

 -  the belles- lettres style (poetry, drama, emotive prose).

3. Speak on the form of narration.

- the story is wholly a narrative (a narration), a description, a dialogue, an interior monologue, digression, mostly a dialogue and partially narrative (an interior monologue), stream of consciousness.

- it’s mostly narrative, but there are the elements of a description/digression.

- digression consists of an insertion of material that has no immediate relation to the theme or action. It may be critical, philosophical, lyrical etc.

4. Speak on the type of the narration

3-rd person narration (omniscient 3-rd person narrator (who knows everything about all events and characters including their thoughts and feelings), limited 3-rd person narrator (who knows only certain events and thoughts and feelings of certain characters) and 3rd-person objective point of view has a neutral narrator that is not privy to characters’ thoughts or feelings; the narrator presents the story with an observational tone)) 3-rd person narrator doesn’t impose his views on the reader;

 first-person narration (an observer – an narrator, who presents the events of the story from the first-person perspective, from his point of view and may participate in the events of the story).

5. Setting - the description of the physical background - the place and time of the story, the significant items surrounding the actions and characters. The global setting of the story (e.g. New York, the Riviera) can be subdivided into numerous subsettings, or local settings (e.g. in the office, at home, etc.).

6. The main idea of a literary work – The main idea of a story is the central idea or concept that the author wants to portray through the narrative, characters, and settings. The main idea can either be explicit, which means it's directly stated in the story, or it can be implied, which means it's not directly stated in the story.

7. The central conflict, which the writer intends to present in his work - Conflict is the dramatic struggle between two forces in a story.Conflict is the problem that the characters must overcome. Conflict is solved positevely or negatively fot the character.

  • What are the 5 main types of conflict in writing?

    - Man vs Self. This type of conflict is usually caused by something external — but the battle itself takes place within.

    - Man vs Man

    - Man vs Nature

    - Man vs Society

    - Man vs Supernatural

8. Summary (5-8 sentences). A good summary should be comprehensive, concise, coherent, and independent. These qualities are explained below:

A summary must be comprehensive: You should isolate all the important points in the original passage and note them down in a list. Review all the ideas on your list, and include in your summary all the ones that are indispensable to the author's development of her/his thesis or main idea.

A summary must be concise: Eliminate repetitions in your list, even if the author restates the same points. Your summary should be considerably shorter than the source. You are hoping to create an overview; therefore, you need not include every repetition of a point or every supporting detail.

A summary must be coherent: It should make sense as a piece of writing in its own right; it should not merely be taken directly from your list of notes or sound like a disjointed collection of points.

A summary must be independent: You are not being asked to imitate the author of the text you are writing about. On the contrary, you are expected to maintain your own voice throughout the summary. Don't simply quote the author; instead use your own words to express your understanding of what you have read. After all, your summary is based on your interpretation of the writer's points or ideas. However, you should be careful not to create any misrepresentation or distortion by introducing comments or criticisms of your own.

9. The plot can be linear (or straightforward – following the chronological order) or non-linear (elastic – in which the storyline is told out of chronological order; that can take many forms: by using flashforwards, flashbacks (retrospection), dream sequences, or foreshadowing, non-linear plotlines can mimic the recall of human memory, or weave in fantastical elements like time travel or clairvoyance).

The composition of the story consists of the exposition (завязка), complication (события, которые ведут к кульминации), climax (кульминация), denouement (развязка), ending (surprise ending).

Define the climax - the crucial moment. The decisive point on which the fate of the character & the final action depend (the narration comes to climax when…).

denouementразвязка - positive, negative,

ending – in the end of the story ... (clear cut),

surprise ending – an unexpected turn of the plot not made clear until the end of the story.

10. The author’s tone – his attitude to what he is presenting, to his characters (ironic, humorous, dramatic, neutral, logic, pessimistic, optimistic, sarcastic, expecting, nervous, worrying, suspensive, touching off the spirit of the reader ...). The tone is not even in the text – define the tones of each part of the story when analyzing the composition of the text and give the overall (general) tone.

11. Character drawing.

You must take into account the following questions:

a. Does the author give a psychological insight into the characters?

b. With what main problem is the character faced?

с. Do the characters change in the course of the story as a result of their personal experience and because of the influence of other characters? (a flat, static character – who doesn’t change, a round, dynamic character – we observe the development of the character)

d. Does the author reveal the thoughts and feelings of his characters directly or indirectly?

e. Does the author sympathize with his characters?

Distinguish the protagonist (the main character) and the antagonist (a character in a story who is presented as the chief foe of the protagonist) of the story, and the contradiction between them.

12. Choice of words. Define the style of the language in the text (bookish, colloquial, neutral), implicit level, connotation of words (negative/positive). How does the word choice help reveal the main idea of the text?

13. Appraisal part - where you are to express your general impression of the whole idea of the text, on the text in general, on the author’s style, on the characters introduced.

 

PLAN FOR RENDERING OF THE ARTICLE 2022

 

Plan for rendering of the article 

1.     The title of the article

2.     The author of the article; where and when the article was published

3.     The main idea of the article.

4.     The contents of the article. Some facts, names, figures.

5.     Your opinion of/on the article.

The article

under consideration

 

headlined “…”

…is taken from

…was found in

…was printed in

…was written by

…the newspaper

 

 

(the name of the author)


The article

…is about

…is devoted to

…is concentrated upon

…is centred around

…is focused upon

…tells us about

…deals with

…the (present-day) situation in…

…the (difficult) position of…

…the(latest)events in

…the (latest)achievements of…

…the (latest) developments in…

…the relations between…

…the conflict between…

 

The opening part/passage

The introductory part

The central / main part

The following part

The final part

The conclusion

 

…is about

…is devoted to

…is centred around…/centres around…

…is concentrated upon

…is focused on / focuses on…

…deals with…

…says about…

…touches upon…

…shows us…

…describes…

In my opinion

From my point of view

It seems to me

There is no doubt

(…) is

…very interesting

…fairly informative

…rich in content

…highly instructive

From the item

From the article

From the feature story

From the essay

…under discussion

…under review

…under consideration

I got to know

I learned

…a lot of interesting information, facts about (concerning)